Efektivitas Metode Aplikasi Edible Coating Kitosan dan Suhu Penyimpanan terhadap Pengendalian Botrytis cinerea serta Kualitas Pascapanen Buah Anggur

Abstract

Grapes have high economic value but are highly susceptible to postharvest damage due to infection by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, the cause of gray mold disease. The continuous use of synthetic fungicides triggers negative impacts, making chitosan-based natural coatings (edible coatings) a prospective alternative. The interaction between the physical application methods of the coating and commercial storage temperature fluctuations has not been evaluated in an integrated manner. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan edible coating in suppressing the incidence of gray mold disease and to analyze the interaction between application methods and storage temperatures on the postharvest quality of grapes. This research employed a Completely Randomized Design with a 3×2 factorial pattern, involving three replications using the Ninel variety of grapes. The factors tested included the chitosan application method (control, spray, dip) and storage temperature (4°C and 27°C), which were observed for 14 days. The analysis results showed a significant interaction between the application method and storage temperature on the disease incidence rate. The dipping and spraying methods at room temperature (27°C) significantly reduced the attack intensity compared to the control, while the best protection with 0% disease incidence was achieved through a combination of chitosan application and cold storage at 4°C. Temperature was proven to affect weight loss, but the interaction of chitosan application did not significantly affect weight loss or Total Soluble Solids (Brix). In conclusion, chitosan works precisely as an effective external bioprotection agent without clogging the fruit cuticle.