Review: Potensi Dampak Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) dari Asap Kebakaran Hutan Gambut terhadap Penyakit Paru di Kalimantan Tengah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56013/bio.v15i1.5427Keywords:
Kebakaran Hutan Gambut, Partikulat halus (PM₂.₅), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), Penyakit paru, Kesehatan LingkunganAbstract
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai karakteristik emisi PAH dari kebakaran gambut serta implikasinya terhadap kesehatan paru. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan systematic review terhadap literatur terindeks pada PubMed/PMC, Scopus, Web of Science, dan Google Scholar dalam rentang 2010–2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pembakaran gambut pada fase smouldering menghasilkan dominasi PAH berat yang bersifat persisten, karsinogenik, dan cenderung terikat pada fraksi partikulat halus PM₂.₅ dan PM₁. Keterikatan ini meningkatkan stabilitas atmosferik, potensi transport jarak jauh, serta risiko paparan inhalasi hingga ke bronkiolus dan alveoli paru. Secara biologis, paparan PAH melalui inhalasi memicu stres oksidatif dan inflamasi kronis melalui aktivasi Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) serta penurunan aktivitas enzim antioksidan, yang berkontribusi terhadap kerusakan epitel saluran napas, remodeling jaringan paru, dan peningkatan risiko asma, PPOK, serta kanker paru. Meskipun bukti epidemiologis spesifik di Kalimantan Tengah masih terbatas, sintesis literatur menunjukkan tingginya kerentanan kesehatan masyarakat terhadap paparan asap kebakaran gambut.
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