Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Bioaktivitas Jamur Endofit Akar Cabai Rawit sebagai Biokontrol dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56013/bio.v15i2.5603Keywords:
Jamur endofit, Biokontrol, Colletotrichum capsici, IAA, Cabai rawitAbstract
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengisolasi serta mengarakterisasi jamur endofit dari jaringan akar cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.), serta mengevaluasi bioaktivitasnya sebagai agen biokontrol terhadap C. capsici dan sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Isolasi dilakukan menggunakan metode kultur jaringan tanaman, diikuti dengan identifikasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Uji aktivitas biokontrol dilakukan melalui metode dual culture, sedangkan kemampuan produksi Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) diuji menggunakan reagen Salkowski. Pengujian in vivo dilakukan untuk menilai kemampuan isolat dalam menekan keparahan penyakit dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa isolat jamur endofit memiliki aktivitas antagonis terhadap C. capsici, dengan salah satu isolat (E2) menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi. Isolat tersebut juga mampu memproduksi IAA dan memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman, yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan berat basah. Selain itu, aplikasi isolat E2 secara nyata menurunkan tingkat keparahan penyakit dibandingkan kontrol. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa jamur endofit berpotensi sebagai agen biokontrol sekaligus pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit yang ramah lingkungan.
Kata kunci: Jamur endofit, Biokontrol, Colletotrichum capsici, IAA, Cabai rawit
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