Hubungan Kadar Mioglobin Otot dengan Kemampuan Menyelam pada Beberapa Jenis Ikan Air Tawar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56013/bio.v15i1.5055Keywords:
Mioglobin, Hipoksia, Adaptasi ikanAbstract
Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan kadar mioglobin pada beberapa spesies ikan air tawar, (2) menjelaskan hubungan antara kadar mioglobin otot dengan kemampuan menyelam atau bertahan pada kondisi hipoksia, serta (3) mengidentifikasi spesies yang memiliki kadar mioglobin tinggi dan ketahanan menyelam paling lama. Hasil analisis literatur menunjukkan adanya perbedaan karakter struktural mioglobin antarspesies, yang memengaruhi kapasitas penyimpanan oksigen. Ikan gabus dan lele memiliki kadar mioglobin tinggi serta struktur mioglobin dengan afinitas oksigen kuat, memungkinkan keduanya menyimpan oksigen lebih banyak di jaringan otot dan bertahan lama saat hipoksia. Sebaliknya, ikan nila, gurame, dan ikan mas memiliki kadar mioglobin rendah–sedang sehingga daya tahan menyelam lebih rendah. Temuan ini memperkuat konsep bahwa mioglobin berperan penting dalam adaptasi fisiologis ikan air tawar terhadap kondisi oksigen rendah, dipengaruhi habitat, kebutuhan metabolik, dan struktur respirasi.
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